Pop Art
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Lawrence Alloway first coined the phrase “pop art” in 1954. Pop art is one of the many contemporary artforms that emerged in the United Kingdom and United States during the mid - to - late 1950s. However, when alloway spoke of “pop art” he meant, advertisements in glossy magazines, posters outside cinemas, etc. Pop art painting as a movement came as a challenge to traditions of fine art by including picturesque images from popular representations in mass media and culture such as advertisements, comic books, etc. One of its many aims is to use images of popular (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasising the vapid or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists” use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed or isolated from its known context or combined within an unrelated context. Although both British and American pop art began during the 1950s, Marcel Duchamp and others in Europe like Francis Picabia and Man Ray predate the movement; in addition there were some earlier American proto-pop origins which utilised “as found” cultural objects.
During the 1920s, American artists Patrick Henry Bruce, Gerald Murphy, Charles Demuth and Stuart Davis created paintings that contained pop culture imagery (mundane objects culled from american commercial products and advertising design), almost “prefiguring” the pop art movement. Founded in London in the year 1952, the Independent Group (IG), is most often than not regarded as the precursor to the pop art movement. They were a gathering or to say, a group of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers and critics who were challenging the already prevailing modernist approaches to culture as well as traditional views of fine art. As a reaction against modernism, pop art in its truest sense is postmodernist. At the first independent group meeting in 1952, co-founding member, artist and sculptor Eduardo Paolozzi presented a lecture using a series of collages titled bunk! That he had assembled during his time in Paris between 1947 and 1949. This material of “found objects” such as advertising, comic book characters, magazine covers and various mass-produced graphics mostly represented American popular culture. One of the collages in that presentation was Paolozzi’s i was a rich man’s plaything (1947), which includes the first use of the word “pop” appearing in a cloud of smoke emerging from a revolver. Following Paolozzi’s breakthrough presentation in 1952, the IG focused primarily on the imagery of american popular culture, particularly mass advertisements. The preoccupation of pop artists with mass media is socially significant. With the coming of pop art in the artistic-cultural scenario, the unlimited communication from the art, directly to the human’s consciousness, can not be ignored.
Pop art like new realism has become a phenomenon which has constantly been applied to divergent forms of representation. Pop art painting is a new two dimensional painting responding to the artist’s immediate visual environment. Perhaps, owing to the incorporation of commercial images, pop art painting has become one of the most recognisable styles of postmodern art. Indian pop art is something very new and is being tried on various mediums out of which pop art canvas painting, pop art acrylic painting and pop art portrait painting have been widely observed and practised. Indian pop art is also practised on digital medium which is rising day by day.