Pandavani: The Folk Art of Chhattisgarh

It is predominantly performed by the tribal community, particularly by the Pardhan caste, who are the keepers of this rich cultural heritage.
Pandavani is a traditional narrative folk-art form that originates from the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh. Rooted in the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata, Pandavani is a unique blend of music, storytelling, and theatrical performance, captivating audiences with its powerful storytelling and vibrant expressions. It is predominantly performed by the tribal community, particularly by the Pardhan caste, who are the keepers of this rich cultural heritage.
The name “Pandavani” is derived from the word “Pandavas,” referring to the five heroic brothers, the central characters of the Mahabharata. The performances are centered around the heroic deeds, trials, and tribulations of the Pandavas, focusing on their struggles against evil and their pursuit of righteousness. The art form has two major styles: Vedamati and Kapalik.
In Vedamati style, the narrator, known as the Vedamati, recites the stories while playing the musical instrument called the “Bhumbo,” a traditional tambura-like stringed instrument. The narrator is accompanied by a group of musicians who play various instruments like the dholak, harmonium, and manjira, creating a rhythmic and melodious backdrop to the narrative.
On the other hand, Kapalik style involves a solo performance where the artist not only narrates but also enacts the different characters of the epic, distinguishing them through voice modulations and facial expressions. This style demands exceptional artistic skills and dramatic abilities.
The performers wear colorful and vibrant costumes that reflect the spirit of the characters they portray. The female characters are adorned with traditional jewelry and attire, adding grace and elegance to the performance.
Pandavani performances are not merely entertainment; they are an integral part of the region’s cultural and social fabric. They often take place during significant festivals, fairs, and important social gatherings. Apart from being a source of entertainment, Pandavani also serves as a medium for moral and ethical teachings, passing down the age-old wisdom of the Mahabharata to the next generations.
The narratives of Pandavani are not fixed; they adapt to the changing times, incorporating contemporary issues and themes while preserving the essence of the ancient epic. This adaptability has enabled the art form to stay relevant and continue to captivate audiences through generations.
Despite its cultural significance, Pandavani faced challenges in the modern era. The advent of television and other forms of entertainment posed a threat to its survival. However, efforts by the government and various cultural organizations have helped preserve and promote this unique art form. Festivals and workshops dedicated to Pandavani have been organized to encourage young talents and raise awareness about its beauty and significance.
In conclusion, Pandavani stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Chhattisgarh. With its mesmerizing blend of music, storytelling, and theatrical expression, it continues to enchant audiences, keeping alive the age-old saga of the heroic Pandavas and their enduring quest for truth and righteousness.